Resumo As bactérias foram isoladas de amostras de suco de maçã fresco de lojas de três diferentes localidades de Lahore. A análise de amostras dos mercados Liberty, Anarkali e Yateem khana mostram diferentes níveis de contaminação. Havia bactérias patogênicas e não patogênicas em todas as amostras e foram identificadas pelos testes morfológicos e bioquímicos. A maioria dos plasmídeos de bactérias patogênicas tinha 4 kb em seu tamanho molecular. A ribotipagem do sequenciamento do gene do RNA ribossômico 16S foi realizada para confirmar a cepa de Helicobacter pylori e Gluconobacter oxydans. A maior sensibilidade de 210 mm foi mostrada por Enterobacter sp. contra disco de azteromisina (15µg) enquanto Micrococcus sp. foi altamente resistente a todos os antibióticos aplicados. A resistência a antibióticos de bactérias patogênicas também foi verificada contra extratos de plantas de Ricinus communis, todos os patógenos bacterianos isolados foram resistentes, mas apenas E. coli foi inibida em 300µl dos extratos. A presença de bactérias patogênicas nas amostras de suco de maçã deveu-se à contaminação da água de esgoto na água potável, enquanto algumas dessas bactérias patogênicas vieram da árvore da maçã e outras de armazéns de frutas.

Abstract Bacteria were isolated from samples of Fresh Apple juices from shops of three different localities of Lahore. Analysis of samples from Liberty, Anarkali and Yateem khana Markets show different levels of contamination. There were pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in all samples and were identified by the morphological and biochemical tests. Most of the plasmids of pathogenic bacteria were 4kb in their molecular size. Ribotyping of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was done to confirm Helicobacter pylori strain and Gluconobacter oxydans. The highest sensitivity of 210mm was shown by Enterobacter sp. against Aztheromysine disk (15µg) while Micrococcus sp. was highly resistant against all of the Antibiotics applied. The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria was also checked against Ricinus communis plant's extracts, all isolated bacterial pathogens were resistant but only, E.coli was inhibited at 300µl of the extracts. Presence of pathogenic bacteria in Apple juice samples was due to contamination of sewage water in drinking water while some of these pathogenic bacteria came from Apple's tree and other from store houses of fruits.

This study was performed to show the effect of two herbal extracts as alternatives to antibiotics in the first eight days of rearing on broiler performance, serum biochemistry, and the jejunum morphology of the broiler. A total of 264, one-day Ross 308 chicks were used. They were randomly distributed into four treatments including three replicates of each. T1 was the control (nothing in drinking water), T2 had antibiotics in the drinking water (1 g/L of Gentadox), T3 had ENTERIA in the drinking water (0.5ml/L), T4 had ICEN in the drinking water (0.5ml/L). These products were administered for the first eight consecutive days of rearing. In the first seven days, there was no substantial variation in performance found in all groups. From days 8-14, T3 markedly improved body weight gain (BWG). The feed conversion ratio (FCR), thyroid hormones, total protein, and globulin were substantially improved in T3 and T4. The edible internal organs and heart percentage was substantially increased in the herbal groups. All the jejunum histology parameters, except the crypt depth, were substantially increased in T3. The T3 recorded the best bodyweight uniformity and economic efficiency compared to other groups. Similarly, the yolk sac residual at days 4 and 7 was lower in this group compared to other groups. It can be concluded that herbal extracts can replace antibiotics in improving and enhancing general broiler performance.

Abstract Due to the high capacity of food factories, a lot of waste is generated. Due to the presence of nutrients in them can increase pollution in the sewerage network and cause environmental problems. To animal feed, grain waste can be used to produce fertilizer, compost, fuel, soil cover, etc. The natural pigment lycopene, thickeners, proteins, etc., can be produced from the seeds and skin of the tomato paste factory waste. In the present paper, soybean oil residue was used to remove cadmium, zinc, and lead ions from aqueous solutions. Discontinuous experiments to investigate the effect of initial concentration (100-300 ppm), solution pH (1-5), contact time (1-60 min), adsorbent amount (0.02-2 g) on the uptake of cadmium, zinc, and lead ions by soybean oil residues. The results showed that with increasing the pH, the value of the contact time, the amount of adsorbent, and the adsorption rate increases with increasing the initial concentration of metal ions, the adsorption rate decreases. According to the results, the best pH for adsorption of metal ions is about 3-5, and the equilibrium time for cadmium ions is 40 minutes, for zinc ions is 20 minutes, and for lead, the ion is 10 minutes.

Abstract Recently, the concrete-filled twin-layer steel-sheet composite wall systems (TSCWs) have become recommended by the engineers in the modern structures, since it has high energy absorption, ductility, and capacity compared to the corresponding conventional wall systems. Therefore, this paper presents and discusses the literature of researches particularly concerning this type of composite wall system. The review includes 80 papers that investigated the performance of TSCWs. These investigations classified TSCWs into two types: twin-layer flat steel sheet composite wall systems (TFSCWs) and twin-layer profiled steel-sheet composite wall systems (TPSCWs). The classification of these two types of TSCWs was based on the form of the sheeting as well as on the type of applied load. This classification introduced comprehensive mapping tables on the study details, loading, infill material, and interaction concept. Furthermore, the findings from this literature review are discussed, and the research gaps are summarized for each TSCW type, including the impact of providing an opening on the TSCWs performance.

SUMMARY: Origanum vulgare Linn has traditionally been used as a diuretic and antispasmodic. Therefore, we investigated the active extract of Origanum vulgare for possible andrological effect and preventive effects against testicular damage using ethylene glycol rat model of testicular damage, to rationalize its medicinal use. Male Wistar rats received lithogenic treatment comprising of 0.75 % ethylene glycol injection twice with one day interval, then in drinking water, active extract of Origanum vulgare treatment (20 mg/kg) was given for 3 weeks to prevent toxic damage including loss of body weight gain and appetite, Following oral administration of EGME, a rapid decrease in testis weight associated with testicular cell damage was observed. Origanum vulgare treatment (20 mg/kg) prevented as well as reversed toxic changes including loss of body weight gain.

RESUMEN: Origanum vulgare Linn se ha usado tradicionalmente como diurético y antiespasmódico. Por lo tanto, investigamos el extracto activo de Origanum vulgare por su posible efecto andrológico y efectos preventivos contra el daño testicular utilizando el modelo de rata de etilenglicol de daño testicular. El objetivo del estudio fue racionalizar su uso medicinal. Su utilizaron ratas Wistar macho que recibieron un tratamiento litogénico de una inyección de etilenglicol al 0,75 %, dos veces con un intervalo de un día, y luego se administró en agua potable. Se administró el extracto activo del tratamiento con Origanum vulgare (20 mg / kg) durante 3 semanas con el objetivo de prevenir el daño tóxico, la pérdida de peso corporal y el apetito. Tras la administración oral de EGME, se observó una rápida disminución del peso de los testículos asociada al daño de las células testiculares. El tratamiento con Origanum vulgare (20 mg / kg) logró prevenir y revertir las alteraciones tóxicas, incluyendo la pérdida de peso corporal.

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a rare, commonly benign, congenital, localized or generalized vascular anomaly of unknown aetiology. It is characterized by persistent cutis marmorata, telangiectasia and phlebectasia. Extracutaneous findings may be associated with CMTC in 18.8-70% of the cases. Diagnosis of the disorder is based on the clinical findings. The prognosis is good and improvement is observed within 2 years after birth. Herein, we report a case of a male neonate with CMTC presented on the skin of all his limbs, trunk and face, and an associated anomaly including syndactyly. We present this case because of its rarity.

La piel marmórea telangiectásica congenita (cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, CMTC) es una anomalía vascular congenita rara, a menudo benigna, localizada o generalizada, de etiología desconocida. Se caracteriza por piel marmórea persistente, telangiectasia y flebectasia. Podrían presentarse manifestaciones extracutáneas asociadas con la CMTC en el 18,8-70% de los casos. El diagnóstico de este trastorno se basa en los hallazgos clínicos. El pronóstico es bueno y suele mejorar dentro de los dos años de vida. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un varón recien nacido con CMTC en la piel de todas las extremidades, el tronco y el rostro, y una anomalía asociada, que incluía sindactilia. Presentamos este caso debido a su rareza.

Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome is a rare lethal disorder that involves multipl organ system. It is inherited autosomal recessive and caused by defects in the VPS33B and VIPAR genes. Three cardinal findings of this syndrome are arthrogryposis, renal tubular dysfunction and cholestasis.The other organ involvements including ichthyosis, central nervous system malformation, platelet anomalies, congenital heart defects and severe failure to thrive are sometimes associated with this syndrome. Clinical findings, organ biopsy and mutational analysis can help for diagnosing but there is no curative treatment except supportive care. Several symptoms of this condition are already usually present in the neonatal period: arthrogryposis, neonatal cholestasis, skin lesions, among others. Usually survival is until the first year of life. We present a newborn whose evolution was rapidly fatal.

El síndrome de artrogriposis, disfunción tubular renal y colestasis es un trastorno fatal infrecuente que compromete múltiples aparatos y sistemas de órganos. Es un trastorno autosómico recesivo hereditario, causado por defectos en los genes VPS33B y VIPAR. Los tres signos primordiales de este síndrome son la artrogriposis, la disfunción tubular renal y la colestasis. Otros compromisos orgánicos a veces asociados con este síndrome son ictiosis, malformación del sistema nervioso central, anomalías trombocíticas, defectos cardíacos congénitos y grave retraso del crecimiento. Las manifestaciones clínicas, la biopsia de un órgano y los análisis de mutaciones pueden ayudar con el diagnóstico, pero no existe un tratamiento curativo; solamente puede instaurarse un tratamiento sintomático. Varios síntomas de esta afección usualmente se manifiestan en el período neonatal: artrogriposis, colestasis neonatal, lesiones cutáneas, entre otros. En general, la supervivencia se prolonga hasta el primer año de vida. Presentamos el caso de una recién nacida con una rápida evolución y desenlace fatal.

Conventional intubation for pulmonary management in children with a difficult airway may be very challenging even in skilled hands. Rapid advancements in respiratory care have reduced the incidence of difficult tracheal intubation and the incidence of complications have decreased accordingly. However, serious unexpected complications still occur in some patients today. Herein, we describe a syndromic newborn infant with a difficult airway who experienced migration of the endotracheal tube into the esophagus after displacement of the tube connector. We would like to share our experience and contribute to the literature with the presentation of this undesired event. To the best of our knowledge, no such complication has been reported in the neonatal literature before.

La intubación convencional para la asistencia respiratoria en niños con vía aérea dificultosa puede ser un desafío incluso en manos expertas. Los rápidos avances en la atención respiratoria han reducido la incidencia de intubación traqueal dificultosa y por ende las complicaciones. Sin embargo, en algunos pacientes, todavía ocurren complicaciones graves inesperadas. Describimos el caso de un neonato con secuencia de Pierre Robin con vía aérea dificultosa, que presentó una migración del tubo endotraqueal hacia el esófago luego de haberse desprendido del conector del tubo. Deseamos compartir esta experiencia ya que, de acuerdo con nuestro conocimiento, esta complicación no ha sido comunicada anteriormente en neonatos.